This gave Wei more rational borders, secured the new capital and gave Wei more control over trade routes.

2) In 362-359 he made exchanges of territory with Zhao to the north and Han to the south. Thereafter the state was briefly called Liang. Daliang was to the far southeast of the state near the border with Song. Anyi was on the plateau south of the Fen River not far from where the Fen River and Wei River join the Yellow River. 1) In 361 he moved the capital from Anyi to Daliang to get out of the reach of the Qin. For his wars and eventual defeat by Qi and Qin in 340 refer to the Warring States Period. He came to the thrown after a war of succession during during his state was nearly partitioned by Zhao and Han. He was a grandson of Marquis Wen of Wei, the founder of the state, and a son of Marques Wu of Wei. K ing Hui of Wei, originally called Marquis Hui of Wei, and after 344, King Hui of Liang was the third ruler of the state of Wei during the Warring States Period, ruling from approximately 370 BC – 319 BC.

Before this time a number of works had been written which can be regarded as historical documents or chronicles, such as the Shu-ching (Book of Documents), the Ch’un-ch’iu (Spring and Autumn Annals), the Tso chuan (Tso’s Commentary), and the Kuo-yü (Discourses of the States). It was written as a matter of private initiative.

The work produced by Ssu-ma Ch’ien and his father, Ssu-ma T’an, constitutes China’s first systematic history. For espousing Li Ling’s cause, Ssu-ma Ch’ien suffered disgrace and punishment by castration. Li Ling had been fighting at a great distance from his base and had been forced to surrender after a prolonged and gallant struggle. He defended Li Ling, an officer who had led a force of infantry against China’s enemies in central Asia. In his capacity as court official, Ssu-ma Ch’ien became involved in political rivalries. He completed a draft history of mankind started by his father. Ssu-ma Ch’ien (145-90 BC) has been described as the “Grand Historian of China,” held the office of T’ai-shih, or director of astrology, in the imperial government. He was known for rejecting traditional values and was one of the founders of Taoism. Channeling Chuang Tzu – Background, Narrative and Characters from Burton Watson’s Chuang Tzu’s Basic Writings IntroductionĬhuang Tzu – His personal name was Chou and he was native to a place called Meng, and once served as an official in the lacquer garden in Meng, his writings focused on skepticism and mystical detachment and freeing oneself from the world.

Chuang tzu basic writings